Microservices
An architecture where an application is built as a collection of small, independent services.
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Definition
Microservices architecture structures an application as a collection of small, loosely coupled services. Each service handles a specific business function, maintains its own data, and communicates with other services through APIs.
Microservices contrast with monolithic architecture, where all functionality lives in a single codebase. Benefits include independent deployment, technology flexibility (different languages per service), targeted scaling, and fault isolation. Drawbacks include operational complexity, distributed system challenges, and higher infrastructure costs.
Microservices are used by most large-scale technology companies: Netflix, Amazon, Uber, and Spotify. However, many experts (including the original advocates) now recommend starting with a monolith and migrating to microservices only when the organizational and scaling benefits justify the added complexity.
Why It Matters for Founders
The microservices vs. monolith decision significantly impacts development velocity, operational complexity, and team structure. For startups, starting with a monolith is almost always the right choice. The overhead of managing multiple services is not justified until the team grows large enough that independent deployment becomes a bottleneck.
The premature adoption of microservices is one of the most common architectural mistakes in startups. It adds complexity without the organizational scale to benefit from it.
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Real-World Example
Netflix runs 1,000+ microservices. Separate services handle recommendations, user profiles, billing, content delivery, and search — each deployed and scaled independently.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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